Techniques for deriving security keys for a cellular network based on performance of an extensible authentication protocol (EAP) procedure

ABSTRACT

Techniques are described for wireless communication. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes performing an extensible authentication protocol (EAP) procedure with an authentication server via an authenticator. The EAP procedure is based at least in part on a set of authentication credentials exchanged between the UE and the authentication server. The method also includes deriving, as part of performing the EAP procedure, a master session key (MSK) and an extended master session key (EMSK) that are based at least in part on the authentication credentials and a first set of parameters; determining a network type associated with the authenticator; and performing, based at least in part on the determined network type, at least one authentication procedure with the authenticator. The at least one authentication procedure is based on an association of the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type.

CROSS REFERENCES

The present Application for Patent claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/396,791 by LEE, et al., entitled “TechniquesFor Deriving Security Keys For A Cellular Network Based On Performanceof an Extensible Authentication protocol (EAP) Procedure,” filed Sep.19, 2016, assigned to the assignee hereof.

BACKGROUND Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure, for example, relates to wireless communicationsystems, and more particularly to techniques for deriving security keysfor a cellular network based on performance of an extensibleauthentication protocol (EAP) procedure.

Description of Related Art

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data,messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be multiple-accesssystems capable of supporting communication with multiple users bysharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, andpower). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code-divisionmultiple access (CDMA) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA)systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, andorthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.

In some examples, a wireless multiple-access communication system may beor include a cellular network. A cellular network may include a numberof network access devices, each simultaneously supporting communicationfor multiple communication devices, otherwise known as user equipment(UEs). In a fourth generation (4G) network, Long-Term Evolution (LTE)network, or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, the network access devices maytake the form of enhanced NodeBs (eNBs), with each eNB including a setof one or more base stations. In a fifth generation (5G or NextGen)network, the network access devices may take the form of smart radioheads (SRHs) or gNodeBs (gNBs) in communication with network accessdevice controllers (e.g., access node controllers (ANCs)), in which aset of one or more network access devices, in communication with anetwork access device controller, define a network node. An eNB, gNB, ornetwork node may communicate with a set of UEs on downlink channels(e.g., for transmissions from the eNB, gNB, or network node to the UEs)and uplink channels (e.g., for transmissions from the UEs to the eNBs,gNBs, or network nodes).

When a UE accesses a cellular network, the UE or cellular network mayinitiate one or more procedures that enable the UE to authenticateitself to an authenticator of the cellular network, and that enable theauthenticator to authenticate the cellular network to the UE. In someexamples, the authentication procedures may include an EAP procedure, inwhich an authentication server having a secure connection with theauthenticator authenticates the UE; enables the UE to derive one or moresecurity keys for authenticating itself to the authenticator; andderives one or more security keys that are transmitted to theauthenticator over the secure connection, to enable the authenticator toauthenticate the cellular network to the UE.

SUMMARY

In some cases, a cellular network may allow access to the cellularnetwork via different types of access networks, some of which may bemore or less vulnerable to attack, and some of which may be more or lessunder the control of an operator of the cellular network. For example, acellular network may allow access to the cellular network via a cellularaccess network or a non-cellular access network (e.g., a wireless localarea network (WLAN)). When the same EAP procedure is supported byauthenticators associated with different access networks, the samemaster session key (MSK) may be derived as a result of performing theEAP procedure via an authenticator associated with a cellular accessnetwork or an authenticator associated with a non-cellular accessnetwork. Thus, the same MSK, or the same security key derived therefrom,may be provided to the authenticator associated with the cellular accessnetwork or the authenticator associated with the non-cellular accessnetwork. If the non-cellular access network is compromised by anattacker, the attacker's access to the MSK or security keys derivedtherefrom may enable the attacker to use the non-cellular access networkto impersonate the cellular access network to a UE, which compromisesthe security of the UE and/or an application running on the UE.Techniques described in the present disclosure help mitigate suchthreats by determining the type of network associated with anauthenticator and performing an authentication procedure with theauthenticator (or deriving a security key for the authenticator) basedon a type of EAP session key (e.g., an MSK or an extended MSK (EMSK))associated with the type of network. In some examples, the MSK may beused when an authenticator is associated with a non-cellular accessnetwork, and the EMSK may be used when an authenticator is associatedwith a cellular access network.

In one example, a method for wireless communication at a UE isdescribed. The method may include performing an EAP procedure with anauthentication server via an authenticator. The EAP procedure may bebased at least in part on a set of authentication credentials exchangedbetween the UE and the authentication server. The method may alsoinclude deriving, as part of performing the EAP procedure, an MSK and anEMSK that are based at least in part on the authentication credentialsand a first set of parameters; determining a network type associatedwith the authenticator; and performing, based at least in part on thedetermined network type, at least one authentication procedure with theauthenticator. The at least one authentication procedure may be based onan association of the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type.

In one example, an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE isdescribed. The apparatus may include means for performing an EAPprocedure with an authentication server via an authenticator. The EAPprocedure may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials exchanged between the UE and the authentication server. Theapparatus may also include means for deriving, as part of performing theEAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters; means fordetermining the authenticator is associated with a cellular network; andmeans for performing at least one authentication procedure with theauthenticator. The at least one authentication procedure may be based onan association of the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type.

In one example, another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE isdescribed. The apparatus may include a processor, and memory inelectronic communication with the processor. The processor and thememory may be configured to perform an EAP procedure with anauthentication server via an authenticator. The EAP procedure may bebased at least in part on a set of authentication credentials exchangedbetween the UE and the authentication server. The processor and thememory may also be configured to derive, as part of performing the EAPprocedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters; determine anetwork type associated with the authenticator; and perform, based atleast in part on the determined network type, at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator. The at least oneauthentication procedure may be based on an association of the MSK orthe EMSK with the determined network type.

In one example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable code for wireless communication at a UE isdescribed. The code may be executable by a processor to perform an EAPprocedure with an authentication server via an authenticator. The EAPprocedure may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials exchanged between the UE and the authentication server. Thecode may also be executable by the processor to derive, as part ofperforming the EAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at leastin part on the authentication credentials and a first set of parameters;determine a network type associated with the authenticator; and perform,based at least in part on the determined network type, at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator. The at least oneauthentication procedure may be based on an association of the MSK orthe EMSK with the determined network type.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the determined network typemay include a cellular network type and performing the at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator may include deriving afirst security key for a cellular network. The first security key may bebased at least in part on the EMSK and a second set of parameters. Insome examples, the second set of parameters may include an identifier ofthe cellular network, at least one cellular network-specific parameter,at least one parameter exchanged between the UE and the cellularnetwork, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, performing the at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator may include deriving asecond security key for a network node of the cellular network, thesecond security key based at least in part on the first security key anda third set of parameters; and communicating with the cellular networkvia the network node based at least in part on the second security key.In some of these examples, the third set of parameters may include anidentifier of the network node, at least one network node-specificparameter, at least one parameter exchanged between the UE and thenetwork node, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the first set of parametersmay include at least one identifier, at least one random number, atleast one network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combinationthereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the cellular network mayinclude at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network, an LTE network, anLTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the determined network typemay include a non-cellular network type and performing the at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator may include deriving afirst security key for a non-cellular network. The first security keymay be based at least in part on the MSK and a second set of parameters.

In one example, a method for wireless communication at an authenticationserver may include performing an EAP procedure with a UE via anauthenticator. The EAP procedure may be based at least in part on a setof authentication credentials exchanged between the authenticationserver and the UE. The method may also include deriving, as part ofperforming the EAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at leastin part on the authentication credentials and a first set of parameters;determining a network type associated with the authenticator; deriving asecurity key for the determined network type based at least in part onan association of the MSK or the EMSK with the network type, and basedat least in part on a second set of parameters; and transmitting thesecurity key to the authenticator via a secure channel.

In one example, an apparatus for wireless communication at anauthentication server is described. The apparatus may include means forperforming an EAP procedure with a UE via an authenticator. The EAPprocedure may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials exchanged between the authentication server and the UE. Theapparatus may also include means for deriving, as part of performing theEAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters; means fordetermining a network type associated with the authenticator; means forderiving a security key for the determined network type based at leastin part on an association of the MSK or the EMSK with the network type,and based at least in part on a second set of parameters; and means fortransmitting the security key to the authenticator via a secure channel.

In one example, another apparatus for wireless communication at anauthentication server is described. The apparatus may include aprocessor, and memory in electronic communication with the processor.The processor and the memory may be configured to perform an EAPprocedure with a UE via an authenticator. The EAP procedure maybe basedat least in part on a set of authentication credentials exchangedbetween the authentication server and the UE. The processor and thememory may also be configured to derive, as part of performing the EAPprocedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters; determine anetwork type associated with the authenticator; derive a security keyfor the determined network type based at least in part on an associationof the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type, and based atleast in part on a second set of parameters; and transmit the securitykey to the authenticator via a secure channel.

In one example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable code for wireless communication at an authenticationserver is described. The code may be executable by a processor toperform an EAP procedure with a UE via an authenticator. The EAPprocedure may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials exchanged between the authentication server and the UE. Thecode may also be executable by the processor to derive, as part ofperforming the EAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at leastin part on the authentication credentials and a first set of parameters;determine a network type associated with the authenticator; derive asecurity key for the determined network type based at least in part onan association of the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type,and based at least in part on a second set of parameters; and transmitthe security key to the authenticator via a secure channel.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the first set of parametersmay include at least one identifier, at least one random number, atleast one network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combinationthereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the determined network typemay include a cellular network type and the second set of parameters mayinclude an identifier of the cellular network, at least one cellularnetwork-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between theauthentication server and the cellular network, or a combinationthereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the cellular network mayinclude at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network, an LTE network, anLTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof.

In one example, a method for wireless communication at a cellularnetwork is described. The method may include receiving, from anauthentication server, a first security key based at least in part on anEMSK and a first set of parameters. The EMSK may be based at least inpart on a set of authentication credentials and a second set ofparameters. The authentication credentials may be exchanged between a UEand the authentication server during an EAP procedure. The method mayalso include performing at least one authentication procedure with theUE based at least in part on the first security key.

In one example, an apparatus for wireless communication at a cellularnetwork is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving,from an authentication server, a first security key based at least inpart on an EMSK and a first set of parameters. The EMSK may be based atleast in part on a set of authentication credentials and a second set ofparameters. The authentication credentials may be exchanged between a UEand the authentication server during an EAP procedure. The apparatus mayalso include means for performing at least one authentication procedurewith the UE based at least in part on the first security key.

In one example, another apparatus for wireless communication at acellular network is described. The apparatus may include a processor,and memory in electronic communication with the processor. The processorand the memory may be configured to receive, from an authenticationserver, a first security key based at least in part on an EMSK and afirst set of parameters. The EMSK may be based at least in part on a setof authentication credentials and a second set of parameters. Theauthentication credentials may be exchanged between a UE and theauthentication server during an EAP procedure. The processor and thememory may also be configured to perform at least one authenticationprocedure with the UE based at least in part on the first security key.

In one example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable code for wireless communication at a cellularnetwork is described. The code may be executable by a processor toreceive, from an authentication server, a first security key based atleast in part on an EMSK and a first set of parameters. The EMSK may bebased at least in part on a set of authentication credentials and asecond set of parameters. The authentication credentials may beexchanged between a UE and the authentication server during an EAPprocedure. The code may also be executable to perform at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE based at least in part on the firstsecurity key.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, performing the at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE may include deriving a secondsecurity key for a network node of the cellular network, the secondsecurity key based at least in part on the first security key and athird set of parameters; and communicating with the UE via the networknode based at least in part on the second security key. In someexamples, the third set of parameters may include an identifier of thenetwork node, at least one network node-specific parameter, at least oneparameter exchanged between the UE and the network node, or acombination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the second set of parametersmay include an identifier of the cellular network, at least one cellularnetwork-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between theUE and the cellular network, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the first set of parametersmay include at least one identifier, at least one random number, atleast one network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combinationthereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the cellular network mayinclude at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network, an LTE network, anLTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the techniques and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionaltechniques and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purpose ofillustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits ofthe claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the presentinvention may be realized by reference to the following drawings. In theappended figures, similar components or functions may have the samereference label. Further, various components of the same type may bedistinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a key hierarchy for a wirelesscommunication system, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 shows an example message flow between a UE, a cellular network,and an authentication server, in accordance with various aspects of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a UE, in accordance with various aspectsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a wireless communication manager, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a wireless communication system, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an authentication server, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of an authentication server, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a network node, in accordance withvarious aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communication manager, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure

FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a network node, in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure; and

FIGS. 14-18 show flowcharts illustrating methods for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Techniques described in the present disclosure enable UEs to perform EAPprocedures with an authentication server via authenticators associatedwith different types of access networks. Upon successful performance ofan EAP procedure via an authenticator, a UE and authentication servermay derive security keys for the authenticator based at least in part ona type of network associated with the authenticator. In some examples,the UE and authentication server may derive security keys for theauthenticator based on an MSK when the authenticator is associated witha non-cellular access network, and may derive security keys for theauthenticator based on an EMSK when the authenticator is associated witha cellular access network.

The following description provides examples, and is not limiting of thescope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes maybe made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit,substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. Forinstance, the methods described may be performed in an order differentfrom that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, orcombined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may becombined in some other examples.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100, inaccordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The wirelesscommunication system 100 may include network access devices (e.g.,distributed network access devices, distributed units, gNBs, radio heads(RHs), SRHs, transmission/reception points (TRPs), edge nodes, edgeunits, etc.) 105, UEs 115, network access device controllers (e.g.,centralized network access devices, central nodes, central units, accessnode controllers (ANCs), etc.) 125, and a core network 130. The corenetwork 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization,tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access,routing, or mobility functions. The network access device controllers125 may interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132(e.g., S1, S2, etc.) and may perform radio configuration and schedulingfor communication with the UEs 115. In various examples, the networkaccess device controllers 125 may communicate, either directly orindirectly (e.g., through core network 130), with each other overbackhaul links 134 (e.g., X1, X2, etc.), which may be wired or wirelesscommunication links. Each network access device controller 125 may alsocommunicate with a number of UEs 115 through a number of network accessdevices (e.g., RHs) 105. In an alternative configuration of the wirelesscommunication system 100, the functionality of a network access devicecontroller 125 may be provided by a network access device 105 ordistributed across the network access devices 105 of a network node(e.g., an access node, a New Radio Base Station (NR BS), etc.) 135. Inanother alternative configuration of the wireless communication system100, the network nodes 135 may be replaced by eNBs, the network accessdevices 105 may be replaced with base stations, and the network accessdevice controllers 125 may be replaced by base station controllers (orlinks to the core network 130).

The network access device controllers 125 may communicate with the UEs115 via one or more network access devices 105, with each network accessdevice 105 having one or more antennas for wirelessly communicating witha number of UEs 115. Each of the network nodes 135 may providecommunication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110,and may provide one or more remote transceivers associated with one ormore network access devices 105. A network access device 105 may performmany of the functions of a LTE/LTE-A base station. In some examples, anetwork access device controller 125 may be implemented in distributedform, with a portion of the network access device controller 125 beingprovided in each network access device 105. The geographic coverage area110 for a network node 135 may be divided into sectors making up only aportion of the coverage area (not shown), and in some examples ageographic coverage area 110 for a network node 135 may be formed from aset of geographic coverage areas for a set of network access devices 105associated with the network node 135 (not shown). In some examples, thenetwork access devices 105 may be replaced with alternative networkaccess devices, such as base transceiver stations, radio base stations,access points, radio transceivers, NodeBs, eNBs, Home NodeBs, HomeeNodeBs, gNBs, etc. The wireless communication system 100 may includenetwork access devices 105 (or base stations or other network accessdevices) of different types (e.g., macro cell and/or small cell networkaccess devices). The geographic coverage areas of the network accessdevices 105 and/or network nodes 135 may overlap. In some examples,different network access devices 105 may be associated with differentradio access technologies.

In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a 5Gnetwork. In other examples, the wireless communication system 100 mayinclude a LTE/LTE-A network. The wireless communication system 100 mayin some cases be a heterogeneous network, in which different types ofnetwork access devices 105 or network nodes 135 provide coverage forvarious geographical regions. For example, each network access device105 or network node 135 may provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a small cell, and/or other types of cell. The term “cell” may beused to describe a base station, an RH, a carrier or component carrierassociated with a base station or an RH, or a coverage area (e.g.,sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on context.

A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., severalkilometers in radius) and may allow access by UEs 115 with servicesubscriptions with a network provider. A small cell may include alower-powered RH or base station, as compared with a macro cell, and mayoperate in the same or different frequency band(s) as macro cells. Smallcells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according tovarious examples. A pico cell may cover a relatively smaller geographicarea and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with servicesubscriptions with a network provider. A femto cell also may cover arelatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may providerestricted access by UEs 115 having an association with the femto cell(e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in thehome, and the like). A network access device for a macro cell may bereferred to as a macro network access device. A network access devicefor a small cell may be referred to as a small cell network accessdevice, a pico network access device, a femto network access device, ora home network access device. A network access device may support one ormultiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells (e.g., componentcarriers).

The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous orasynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the network nodes 135or network access devices 105 may have similar frame timing, andtransmissions from different network access devices 105 may beapproximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the networknodes 135 or network access devices 105 may have different frametimings, and transmissions from different network access devices 105 maynot be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used foreither synchronous or asynchronous operations.

The communication networks that may accommodate some of the variousdisclosed examples may be packet-based networks that operate accordingto a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at thebearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based.A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may in some cases perform packetsegmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. AMedium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling andmultiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layermay also use Hybrid ARQ (HARD) to provide retransmission at the MAClayer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RadioResource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment,configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 anda network access device 105, network access device controller 125, orthe core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. Atthe Physical (PHY) layer, transport channels may be mapped to physicalchannels.

The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communicationsystem 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 mayalso include or be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobilestation, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, awireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, awireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriberstation, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, aremote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, orsome other suitable terminology. A UE 115 may be a cellular phone, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wirelesscommunication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptopcomputer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, anInternet of Everything (IoE) device, an automobile, an appliance, orother electronic device having a wireless communication interface. A UEmay be able to communicate with various types of network nodes 135 ornetwork access devices 105, including small cell nodes, relay nodes, andthe like. A UE may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs(e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol).

The communication links 122 shown in wireless communication system 100may include uplink (UL) channels, from a UE 115 to a network accessdevice 105, and/or downlink (DL) channels, from a network access device105 to a UE 115. The downlink channels may also be called forward linkchannels, while the uplink channels may also be called reverse linkchannels.

Each communication link 122 may include one or more carriers, where eachcarrier may be a signal made up of multiple sub-carriers or tones (e.g.,waveform signals of different frequencies) modulated according to one ormore radio access technologies. Each modulated signal may be sent on adifferent sub-carrier and may carry control information (e.g., referencesignals, control channels, etc.), overhead information, user data, etc.The communication links 122 may transmit bidirectional communicationsusing Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) techniques (e.g., using pairedspectrum resources) or Time Division Duplexing (TDD) techniques (e.g.,using unpaired spectrum resources). Frame structures for FDD (e.g.,frame structure type 1) and TDD (e.g., frame structure type 2) may bedefined.

In some examples of the wireless communication system 100, the networkaccess devices 105 and/or UEs 115 may include multiple antennas foremploying antenna diversity schemes to improve communication quality andreliability between network access devices 105 and UEs 115. Additionallyor alternatively, network access devices 105 and/or UEs 115 may employmultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques that may take advantageof multi-path environments to transmit multiple spatial layers carryingthe same or different coded data.

The wireless communication system 100 may support operation on multiplecells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrieraggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A carrier may also bereferred to as a component carrier (CC), a layer, a channel, etc. Theterms “carrier,” “component carrier,” “cell,” and “channel” may be usedinterchangeably herein. A UE 115 may be configured with multipledownlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation. Carrieraggregation may be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

One or more of the UEs 115 may include a wireless communication manager140. In some examples, the wireless communication manager 140 may beused to perform an EAP procedure with an authentication server via anauthenticator associated with the core network 130. The authenticationserver may be accessed via the core network 130, as described withreference to FIG. 2. The EAP procedure may be based at least in part ona set of authentication credentials exchanged between the UE and theauthentication server. The wireless communication manager 140 may alsobe used to derive, as part of performing the EAP procedure, an MSK andan EMSK that are based at least in part on the authenticationcredentials and a first set of parameters (collectively referred to asan EAP method or authentication method); determine the authenticator isassociated with a cellular network; and perform at least oneauthentication procedure with the cellular network based at least inpart on the EMSK. In some examples, the wireless communication manager140 may be an example of aspects of the wireless communication managersdescribed with reference to FIGS. 6-8.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 200, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wirelesscommunication system 200 may include a home cellular network 205 of a UE115-a, and a cellular network visited by the UE 115-a (i.e., a visitedcellular network 205-a).

The home cellular network 205 may include a first authenticator 235(e.g., a server or device providing a home security anchor function(H-SEAF)) and a home user plane gateway (H-UP-GW) 210. Persons skilledin the art will appreciate that the home cellular network 205 may alsoinclude other servers or devices that provide other functions (notshown). The visited cellular network 205-a may include a secondauthenticator 235-a (e.g., a server or device providing a visiting SEAF(V-SEAF)), a visited UP-GW (V-UP-GW) 210-a, a visited cellular networkcontrol plane core network function (V-CP-CN) 215, and a radio accessnetwork (RAN) 220. In some examples, the RAN 220 may include one or moreof the network nodes 135, network access devices 105, and network accessdevice controllers 125 described with reference to FIG. 1. The firstauthenticator 235, H-UP-GW 210, second authenticator 235-a, V-UP-GW210-a, and V-CP-CN 215 may be exemplary components of the core network130 described with reference to FIG. 1.

The home cellular network 205 may be in communication with (or mayprovide) an authentication server 245. The authentication server 245 mayprovide an authentication server function (AUSF). The authenticationserver 245 may access and/or invoke an authentication credentialrepository and processing function (ARPF) 240.

The UE 115-a may connect to the visited cellular network 205-a via anode (e.g., a network access device) of the RAN 220. FIG. 2 presumesthat the UE 115-a accessed the visited cellular network 205-a whileoperating in a roaming mode. In a non-roaming scenario, the UE 115-a mayaccess the home cellular network 205 instead of the visited cellularnetwork 205-a via a RAN of the home cellular network 205 (not shown inFIG. 2).

The V-CP-CN 215 may include or manage one or more aspects of mobilitymanagement (MM) functions and/or session management (SM) functions forthe UE 115-a, as well as maintain the corresponding security contexts.The second authenticator 235-a may facilitate and manage authenticationof the UE 115-a by the visited cellular network 205-a, and may maintainan anchor session key from which subsequent security keys may bederived. The V-UP-GW 210-a may maintain a user plane security context(e.g., a security key) for the UE 115-a when user plane securityterminates at the V-UP-GW 210-a. The user plane security may beterminated by the RAN 220 and/or the V-UP-GW 210-a and may be configuredby the network. Generally, the UE 115-a may maintain a security contextwith each node of the visited cellular network 205-a.

Upon accessing the visited cellular network 205-a, the secondauthenticator 235-a may facilitate an EAP procedure performed by the UE115-a and the authentication server 245. The second authenticator 235-amay establish or maintain, via the first authenticator 235 (of the homecellular network 205), a secure channel for performing the EAP procedurewith the authentication server 245.

The EAP procedure performed by the UE 115-a and the authenticationserver 245 may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials exchanged between the UE 115-a and the authentication server245. As part of performing the EAP procedure, the UE 115-a andauthentication server 245 may each derive an MSK and an EMSK. The MSKand the EMSK may be based at least in part on the authenticationcredentials and the first set of parameters. In some examples, the firstset of parameters may include at least one identifier, at least onerandom number, at least one network parameter, at least one UEparameter, or a combination thereof.

When the EAP procedure is successful (e.g., when the UE 115-a andauthentication server 245 successfully authenticate one another), theauthentication server 245 may transmit a session anchor key (e.g., afirst security key) to the second authenticator 235-a. In accordancewith the techniques described in the present disclosure, the sessionanchor key may be based at least in part on the EMSK. The session anchorkey may also be based at least in part on a second set of parameters.The second set of parameter may include an identifier of the visitedcellular network 205-a, at least one cellular network-specificparameter, at least one parameter exchanged between the UE 115-a and thesecond cellular network 205-a, or a combination thereof.

The UE 115-a may independently derive the session anchor key. Based atleast in part on the session anchor key, the UE 115-a and secondauthenticator 235-a may authenticate each other and derive additionalsecurity keys (e.g., security keys for other nodes or functions of thesecond cellular network 205-a), as shown in FIG. 3.

In an alternative to what is shown in FIG. 2, the servers or devicesproviding the H-SEAF and V-SEAF may not assume the role of authenticatorin an EAP procedure performed between the UE 115-a and theauthentication server 245, and instead, an authenticator may becollocated with the authentication server 245 (e.g., the serverproviding the AUSF). In these examples, the authentication server 245may derive a session anchor key for the H-SEAF or V-SEAF based on theMSK or EMSK and the second set of parameters, and transmit the sessionanchor key to the H-SEAF (in a non-roaming scenario) or the V-SEAF (in aroaming scenario).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a key hierarchy 300 for a wirelesscommunication system, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. This solution provides serving network binding to the keydelivered to the 3GPP serving network for general EAP protocols by usingan EMSK to derive the key (e.g., K_(SEAF)) that is passed down from theEAP server (e.g., the authentication server 245 described with referenceto FIG. 2). In some examples, the key hierarchy 300 may be used by thewireless communication systems 100 and 200 described with reference toFIGS. 1 and 2. For example, a UE and/or network nodes may use the keyhierarchy 300 to implement one or more aspects of the authentication orsecurity functions described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

The key hierarchy 300 may include a K root key 305 used as a securitycontext between a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) and anARPF. The K root key 305 may be used as a basis for performing an EAPprocedure and deriving keys 310 (e.g., an MSK and an EMSK) to provide asecurity context between an authentication server and a UE (e.g.,between the authentication server 245 and UE 115-a described withreference to FIG. 2). The K root key 305 may be used for performing ashared key-based EAP procedure, but one or more other keys (e.g., a keyderived based on certificates) may be used when performing acertificate-based EAP procedure. The EMSK may be used by theauthentication server (e.g., an AUSF) and UE to derive a K_(SEAF) anchorsession key 315 for an authenticator (e.g., for the second authenticator235-a described with reference to FIG. 2). Because the EMSK (rather thanthe MSK) is used to derive K_(SEAF), there may be no need to restrictthe use of credentials to 3GPP access. For example, when a non-3GPPentity obtains the MSK based on EAP authentication, the non-3GPP entitycannot derive K_(SEAF) because K_(SEAF) is derived from the EMSK that isnot known to the non-3GPP entity. The K_(SEAF) anchor session key 315may be maintained by the authenticator and the UE.

The K_(SEAF) anchor session key 315 may be used by the authenticator toderive a K_(CP-CN) key 320 and a K_(UP-GW) key 325. The K_(CP-CN) key320 may be maintained by a CP-CN function (e.g., the V-CP-CN 215described with reference to FIG. 2) and the UE. The K_(UP-GW) key 325may be maintained by a UP-GW function (e.g., the V-UP-GW 210-a describedwith reference to FIG. 2) and the UE. The K_(UP-GW) key 325 may be usedby the UP-GW to establish the K_(UP-GWenc) key 340 and the K_(UP-GWint)key 345. The K_(UP-Gwen) key 340 and the K_(UP-GWint) key 345 may beused for integrity protection and encoding of user plane packets.

The K_(CP-CN) key 320 may be used by the CP-CN function to derive theK_(NASenc) key 330, the K_(NASint) key 335, and the K_(AN)/NH key 350.The K_(AN)/NH key 350 may be used by the access node to derive theK_(UPint) key 355, the K_(UPenc) key 360, the K_(RRCint) key 365, andthe K_(RRCenc) key 370, which may be used for integrity protection andencoding of RRC and user plane packets.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 400, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wirelesscommunication system 400 may include a home cellular network 205-b of aUE 115-b, and a cellular network visited by the UE 115-b (i.e., avisited cellular network 205-c).

The home cellular network 205-b may include a first authenticator 235-b(e.g., a server or device providing a H-SEAF) and a H-UP-GW 210-b. Thehome cellular network 205-b may also include other servers or devicesthat provide other functions (not shown). The visited cellular network205-c may include a second authenticator 235-c (e.g., a server or deviceproviding a V-SEAF), a V-UP-GW 210-c, a V-CP-CN 215-a, and a RAN 220-a.In some examples, the RAN 220-a may include one or more of the networknodes 135, network access devices 105, and network access devicecontrollers 125 described with reference to FIG. 1. The firstauthenticator 235-b, H-UP-GW 210-b, second authenticator 235-c, V-UP-GW210-c, and V-CP-CN 215-a may be exemplary components of the core network130 described with reference to FIG. 1.

The home cellular network 205-b may be in communication with (or mayprovide) an authentication server 245-a. The authentication server 245-amay provide an AUSF. The authentication server 245-a may access and/orinvoke an ARPF 240-a.

Each of the first authenticator 235-b, the H-UP-GW 210-b, the secondauthenticator 235-c, the V-UP-GW 210-c, the V-CP-CN 215-a, the RAN220-a, the authentication server 245-a, and the ARPF 240-a may beexamples of the similarly numbered components, functions, or nodesdescribed with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 also shows a non-cellular network 405 that includes anon-cellular access node 410 (e.g., a WLAN access point (AP) or wirelessLAN controller (WLC)). As shown, the UE 115-b may connect to the RAN220-a or to the non-cellular access node 410, and in each case, the sameauthentication server 245-a may perform an EAP procedure with the UE115-b. When the UE 115-b connects to the RAN 220-a, the secondauthenticator 235-c may serve as the authenticator in an EAP procedureperformed by the UE 115-b and the authentication server 245-a. When theUE 115-b connects to the non-cellular access node 410, the non-cellularaccess node 410 may serve as the authenticator in an EAP procedureperformed by the UE 115-b and the authentication server 245-a.

If the UE 115-b and authentication server 245-a are both capable ofperforming the same EAP procedure and deriving the same session anchorkey (e.g., for performing an authentication procedure between the UE115-b and the second authenticator 235-c, or for performing anauthentication procedure between the UE 115-b and the non-cellularaccess node 410), an attacker that compromises the non-cellular accessnode 410 may be able to obtain the session anchor key from thenon-cellular access node 410 and use it to impersonate a node of thevisited cellular network 205-c or home cellular network 205-b. Toresolve the afore-mentioned issue, the UE 115-b and authenticationserver 245-a may determine the type of network associated with anauthenticator (e.g., the type of network associated with the secondauthenticator 235-c or the non-cellular access node 410) and determinewhich key to use (between an MSK and an EMSK) to derive a session anchorkey (i.e., derive the session anchor key based on the type of network).In some examples, the MSK may be used when an authenticator (e.g., thenon-cellular access node 410) is associated with a non-cellular accessnetwork (e.g., the non-cellular network 405), and the EMSK may be usedwhen an authenticator (e.g., the second authenticator 235-c) isassociated with a cellular access network (e.g., the visited cellularnetwork 205-c). In addition, a session anchor key derived for anauthenticator associated with a cellular network may be derived based atleast in part on a set of parameters associated with the cellularnetwork. For example, a K_(SEAF) key may be derived by the UE 115-b andthe authentication server 245-a based on the key derivation formula(KDF)K _(SEAF)=KDF(EMSK,PLMN ID,CTX)where PLMN ID is a public land mobile network identifier associated withthe serving (e.g., visited) cellular network 205-b and provided to theauthentication server 245-a during the EAP procedure, and CTX is acontext describing an access technology (e.g., cellular network access,such as 5G (NextGen), 4G, LTE/LTE-A, or 3G network access). Personsskilled in the art will appreciate that the K_(SEAF) may also be derivedbased at least in part on other suitable parameters.

By deriving the session anchor key for an authenticator based on a typeof network associated with the authenticator, a network of one networktype is unable to obtain a session anchor key for a network of anothertype and impersonate a node of a different network type. Therefore, thesame EAP procedure (or authentication method) can be used for networksof different types without affecting the security of the networks ofdifferent types.

FIG. 5 shows an example message flow 500 between a UE 115-c, a cellularnetwork 205-d, and an authentication server 245-b, in accordance withvarious aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 115-c may be anexample of aspects of the UEs 115 described with reference to FIGS. 1,2, and 4. The cellular network 205-d may be an example of the cellularnetworks 205 described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4, and in somecases may include at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network, a LTEnetwork, a LTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof. Theauthentication server 245-b may be an example of aspects of theauthentication servers 245 described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.The cellular network 205-d may include a RAN 220-b and a cellular CN550. The RAN 220-b and CN 550 may be examples of the RANs 220 and CNsdescribed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4. In some examples, the RAN220-b may include one or more of the network nodes 135, network accessdevices 105, or network access device controllers 125 described withreference to FIG. 1. The CN 550 may include an authenticator 235-d(e.g., a node of the CN 550), which may be an example of aspects of theauthenticators 235 described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.

At 505, the UE 115-c may access the cellular network 205-d, and the UE115-c or the cellular network 205-d may initiate an EAP procedure. Insome examples, the UE 115-c may access the cellular network 205-d via anetwork access device (e.g., a network node) of the RAN 220-b. The RAN220-b may be in communication with the CN 550. The authenticator 235-dwithin the CN 550 may facilitate the performance of the EAP procedure.In an alternative configuration of the cellular network, theauthenticator 235-d may be part of the RAN 220-b or collocated with theauthentication server 245-b.

At 510, the cellular network 205-d may transmit a request to perform anEAP procedure to the authentication server 245-b. In some examples, therequest transmitted at 510 may be transmitted over a secure channelbetween the authenticator 235-d and the authentication server 245-b(e.g., the request may be transmitted between the authenticator 235-dand the authentication server 245-b using a Diameter protocol (e.g.,using Diameter encapsulation)).

At 515, the UE 115-c and authentication server 245-b may perform an EAPprocedure via the authenticator 235-d, with the authenticator 235-dproviding transport for messages transmitted between the UE 115-c andthe authentication server 245-b. The EAP procedure may be based at leastin part on a set of authentication credentials exchanged between the UE115-c and the authentication server 245-b. As a part of performing theEAP procedure, each of the UE 115-c and the authentication server 245-bmay derive an MSK and an EMSK. The MSK and EMSK may be derived based atleast in part on the authentication credentials and a first set ofparameters. In some examples, the first set of parameters may include atleast one identifier, at least one random number, at least one networkparameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof.

Before, during, or after the operation(s) at 505, 510, or 515, the UE115-c and authentication server 245-b may each determine that theauthenticator 235-d is associated with a cellular network (i.e., withthe cellular network 205-d).

At 520 and 525, each of the UE 115-c and the authentication server 245-bmay independently derive a first security key for the cellular network205-d. Because the UE 115-c and the authentication server 245-b eachdetermine that the authenticator 235-d is associated with the cellularnetwork 205-d, each of the UE 115-c and the authentication server 245-bmay derive the first security key based at least in part on the EMSK.The first security key may also be derived based at least in part on asecond set of parameters. In some examples, the second set of parametersmay include an identifier of the cellular network 205-d, at least onecellular network-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchangedbetween the UE 115-c or authentication server 245-b and the cellularnetwork 205-c, or a combination thereof.

At 530, the authentication server 245-b may transmit the first securitykey to the authenticator 235-d via the secure channel between theauthenticator 235-d and the authentication server 245-b (e.g., the firstsecurity key may be transmitted between the authentication server 245-band the authenticator 235-d using the Diameter protocol (e.g., usingDiameter encapsulation)).

At 535, the UE 115-c and the cellular network 205-d may perform anauthentication procedure. At 540 and 545, upon successfully performingthe authentication procedure at 535, the UE 115-c and the cellularnetwork 205-d may derive one or more additional security keys (e.g., asecond security key) for a network node or nodes of the cellular network205-d. In some examples, the second security key may be based at leastin part on the first security key and a third set of parameters. In someexamples, the third set of parameters may include an identifier of thenetwork node, at least one network node-specific parameter, at least oneparameter exchanged between the UE 115-c and the network node, or acombination thereof.

At 555, the UE 115-c may communicate with the cellular network 205-dbased at least in part on the derived security keys.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a UE 115-d, in accordance withvarious aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 115-d may be anexample of aspects of the UEs 115 described with reference to FIGS. 1,2, 4, and 5. The UE 115-d may include a receiver 610, a wirelesscommunication manager 620, and a transmitter 630. The UE 115-d may alsoinclude a processor. Each of these components may be in communicationwith each other.

The receiver 610 may receive signals or information such as referencesignals, control information, or user data associated with variouschannels (e.g., control channels, data channels, broadcast channels,multicast channels, unicast channels, etc.). Received signals andinformation may be used by the receiver 610 (e.g., for frequency/timetracking) or passed to other components of the UE 115-d, including thewireless communication manager 620. The receiver 610 may be an exampleof aspects of the transceiver 825 described with reference to FIG. 8.The receiver 610 may include or be associated with a single antenna or aplurality of antennas.

The wireless communication manager 620 may be used to manage one or moreaspects of wireless communication for the UE 115-d. In some examples,part of the wireless communication manager 620 may be incorporated intoor shared with the receiver 610 or the transmitter 630. The wirelesscommunication manager 620 may include an EAP manager 635, a network typeidentifier 640, and a network authenticator 645. Each of thesecomponents may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another(e.g., via one or more buses).

The EAP manager 635 may be used to perform an EAP procedure with anauthentication server via an authenticator, as described above withreference to FIG. 5. The EAP procedure may be based at least in part ona set of authentication credentials exchanged between the UE and theauthentication server. The EAP manager 635 may also be used to derive,as part of performing the EAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that arebased at least in part on the authentication credentials and a first setof parameters, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In someexamples, the first set of parameters may include at least oneidentifier, at least one random number, at least one network parameter,at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof.

The network type identifier 640 may be used to determine a network typeassociated with the authenticator, as described above with reference toFIG. 5. In some examples, the determined network type may include acellular network type or a non-cellular network type (e.g., a WLANtype).

The network authenticator 645 may be used to perform, based at least inpart on the determined network type, at least one authenticationprocedure with the authenticator. The at least one authenticationprocedure may be based on an association of the MSK or the EMSK with thedetermined network type, as described above with reference to FIG. 5.

The transmitter 630 may transmit signals or information received fromother components of the UE 115-d, including the wireless communicationmanager 620. The signals or information may include, for example,reference signals, control information, or user data associated withvarious channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, broadcastchannels, multicast channels, unicast channels, etc.). In some examples,the transmitter 630 may be collocated with the receiver 610 in atransceiver. The transmitter 630 may be an example of aspects of thetransceiver 825 described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmitter 630may include or be associated with a single antenna or a plurality ofantennas.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a wireless communication manager720, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Thewireless communication manager 720 may be an example of aspects of thewireless communication manager 620 described with reference to FIG. 6.

The wireless communication manager 720 may include an EAP manager 635-a,a network type identifier 640-a, a network authenticator 645-a, and acellular network communication manager 715. The EAP manager 635-a,network type identifier 640-a, and network authenticator 645-a may beexamples of the EAP manager 635, network type identifier 640, andnetwork authenticator 645 described with reference to FIG. 6. Thenetwork authenticator 645-a may include a network key deriver 705 and anetwork node key deriver 710. Each of these components may communicate,directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The EAP manager 635-a may be used to perform an EAP procedure with anauthentication server via an authenticator, as described above withreference to FIG. 5. The EAP procedure may be based at least in part ona set of authentication credentials exchanged between the UE and theauthentication server. The EAP manager 635-a may also be used to derive,as part of performing the EAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that arebased at least in part on the authentication credentials and a first setof parameters, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In someexamples, the first set of parameters may include at least oneidentifier, at least one random number, at least one network parameter,at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof.

The network type identifier 640-a may be used to determine a networktype associated with the authenticator, as described above withreference to FIG. 5. In some examples, the determined network type mayinclude a cellular network type or a non-cellular network type (e.g., aWLAN type).

The network authenticator 645-a may be used to perform, based at leastin part on the determined network type, at least one authenticationprocedure with the authenticator. The at least one authenticationprocedure may be based on an association of the MSK or the EMSK with thedetermined network type.

When the determined network type includes a cellular network type, thenetwork key deriver 705 may be used to derive a first security key for acellular network, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. The firstsecurity key may be based at least in part on the EMSK and a second setof parameters. In some examples, the second set of parameters mayinclude an identifier of the cellular network, at least one cellularnetwork-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between theUE and the cellular network, or a combination thereof. When thedetermined network type includes a non-cellular network type, thenetwork key deriver 705 may be used to derive a first security key for anon-cellular network.

When the determined network type includes a cellular network type, thenetwork node key deriver 710 may be used to derive a second security keyfor a network node of the cellular network, as described above withreference to FIG. 5. The second security key may be based at least inpart on the first security key and a third set of parameters. In someexamples, the third set of parameters may include an identifier of thenetwork node, at least one network node-specific parameter, at least oneparameter exchanged between the UE and the network node, or acombination thereof.

The cellular network communication manager 715 may be used tocommunicate with the cellular network via the network node based atleast in part on the second security key, as described above withreference to FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a wireless communication system 800, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wirelesscommunication system 800 may include a UE 115-e, which may be an exampleof aspects of the UEs 115 described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and4-6.

The UE 115-e may include a wireless communication manager 805, memory810, a processor 820, a transceiver 825, and an antenna 830. Each ofthese components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with oneanother (e.g., via one or more buses). The wireless communicationmanager 805 may be an example of aspects of the wireless communicationmanagers 620 and 720 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

The memory 810 may include random access memory (RAM) or read onlymemory (ROM). The memory 810 may store computer-readable,computer-executable software 815 including instructions that, whenexecuted, cause the processor 820 to perform various functions describedherein, including functions related to network security andauthentication. In some cases, the software 815 may not be directlyexecutable by the processor 820 but may cause the processor 820 (e.g.,when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. Theprocessor 820 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.).

The transceiver 825 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas or wired links, with one or more networks, as described herein.For example, the transceiver 825 may communicate bi-directionally with acellular network 205-e (or one or more nodes thereof) or another UE115-f. The transceiver 825 may include a modem to modulate packets andprovide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and todemodulate packets received from the antennas. In some cases, the UE115-e may include a single antenna 830. However, in some cases the UE115-e may have more than one antenna 830, which may be capable ofconcurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of an authentication server 245-c, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Theauthentication server 245-c may be an example of aspects of theauthentication servers 245 described with reference to FIGS. 2, 4, and5. The authentication server 245-c may include a receiver 910, anauthentication manager 920, and a transmitter 930. The authenticationserver 245-c may also include a processor. Each of these components maybe in communication with each other.

The receiver 910 may receive authentication requests from variousnetwork nodes, including nodes of a cellular network, a WLAN, etc. Thereceiver 910 may also receive authentication information from UEs viathe network nodes. Received authentication requests and authenticationinformation may be passed to the authentication manager 920. Thereceiver 910 may be an example of aspects of the authenticationinterface 1025 described with reference to FIG. 10. The receiver 910 mayinclude one or more wired and/or wireless interfaces.

The authentication manager 920 may be used to manage one or more aspectsof device authentication for the authentication server 245-c. In someexamples, part of the authentication manager 920 may be incorporatedinto or shared with the receiver 910 or the transmitter 930. Theauthentication manager 920 may include an EAP manager 935, a networktype identifier 940, a network key deriver 945, and a network keyinstaller 950. Each of these components may communicate, directly orindirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The EAP manager 935 may be used to perform an EAP procedure with a UEvia an authenticator, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. TheEAP procedure may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials exchanged between the authentication server and the UE. TheEAP manager 935 may also be used to derive, as part of performing theEAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters, as describedabove with reference to FIG. 5. In some examples, the first set ofparameters may include at least one identifier, at least one randomnumber, at least one network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or acombination thereof.

The network type identifier 940 may be used to determine a network typeassociated with the authenticator, as described above with reference toFIG. 5. In some examples, the determined network type may include acellular network type or a non-cellular network type (e.g., a WLANtype).

The network key deriver 945 may be used to derive a security key for thedetermined network type based at least in part on an association of theMSK or the EMSK with the network type, and based at least in part on asecond set of parameters, as described above with reference to FIG. 5.When the determined network type includes a cellular network type, andin some examples, the second set of parameters may include an identifierof a cellular network, at least one cellular network-specific parameter,at least one parameter exchanged between the authentication server andthe cellular network, or a combination thereof. In some examples, thecellular network may include at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network,a LTE network, a LTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof.

The network key installer 950 may be used to transmit the security keyto the authenticator via a secure channel, as described above withreference to FIG. 5.

The transmitter 930 may transmit authentication feedback messages andsecurity keys received from other components of the authenticationserver 245-c, including the authentication manager 920. The transmitter930 may be an example of aspects of the authentication interface 1025described with reference to FIG. 10. The transmitter 930 may include oneor more wired and/or wireless interfaces.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of an authentication server 245-d, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Theauthentication server 245-d may be an example of aspects of theauthentication servers 245 described with reference to FIGS. 2, 4, 5,and 9.

The authentication server 245-d may include an authentication manager1005, memory 1010, a processor 1020, and an authentication interface1025. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly,with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). The authenticationmanager 1005 may be an example of aspects of the authentication manager920 described with reference to FIG. 9.

The memory 1010 may include RAM or ROM. The memory 1010 may storecomputer-readable, computer-executable software 1015 includinginstructions that, when executed, cause the processor 1020 to performvarious functions described herein, including functions related tonetwork security and authentication. In some cases, the software 1015may not be directly executable by the processor 1020 but may cause theprocessor 1020 (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functionsdescribed herein. The processor 1020 may include an intelligent hardwaredevice, (e.g., a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, etc.).

The authentication interface 1025 may communicate bi-directionally, viaone or more antennas or wired links, with one or more networks, networknodes, or UEs, as described herein. In some examples, the authenticationinterface 1025 may be used to establish a secure connection with anetwork node (e.g., using a Radius or Diameter protocol) and communicatebi-directionally with a UE via the secure connection and network node.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a network node 1105, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure. The network node 1105may be an example of aspects of the network nodes described withreference to FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, and in some examples may be an exampleof the authenticators 235 described with reference to FIGS. 2, 4, and 5.The network node 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a communicationmanager 1120, and a transmitter 1130. The network node 1105 may alsoinclude a processor. Each of these components may be in communicationwith each other.

The receiver 1110 may receive signals or information from other networknodes, from UEs, from an authentication server, etc. Received signalsand information may be passed to other components of the network node1105, including the communication manager 1120. The receiver 1110 may bean example of aspects of the authentication interface 1325 describedwith reference to FIG. 13. The receiver 1110 may include one or morewired and/or wireless interfaces.

The communication manager 1120 may be used to manage one or more aspectsof wireless communication for the network node 1105. In some examples,part of the communication manager 1120 may be incorporated into orshared with the receiver 1110 or the transmitter 1130. The communicationmanager 1120 may include a network key manager 1135 and a UEauthenticator 1140. Each of these components may communicate, directlyor indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The network key manager 1135 may be used to receive, from anauthentication server, a first security key based at least in part on anEMSK and a first set of parameters, as described above with reference toFIG. 5. The EMSK may be based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials and a second set of parameters. Theauthentication credentials may be exchanged between a UE and theauthentication server during an EAP procedure. In some examples, thefirst set of parameters may include an identifier of the cellularnetwork, at least one cellular network-specific parameter, at least oneparameter exchanged between the UE and the cellular network, or acombination thereof. In some examples, the second set of parameters mayinclude at least one identifier, at least one random number, at leastone network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combinationthereof. In some examples, the cellular network may include at least oneof a 5G network, a 4G network, a LTE network, a LTE-A network, a 3Gnetwork, or a combination thereof.

The UE authenticator 1140 may be used to perform at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE based at least in part on the firstsecurity key, as described above with reference to FIG. 5.

The transmitter 1130 may transmit signals or information received fromother components of the network node 1105, including the communicationmanager 1120. The transmitter 1130 may be an example of aspects of theauthentication interface 1325 described with reference to FIG. 13. Thereceiver 1110 may include one or more wired and/or wireless interfaces.

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a communication manager 1220, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Thecommunication manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of thecommunication manager 1120 described with reference to FIG. 11.

The communication manager 1220 may include a network key manager 1135-a,a UE authenticator 1140-a, and a UE communication manager 1210. Thenetwork key manager 1135-a and UE authenticator 1140-a may be examplesof the network key manager 1135 and UE authenticator 1140 described withreference to FIG. 11. The UE authenticator 1140-a may include a networknode key deriver 1205. Each of these components may communicate,directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The network key manager 1135-a may be used to receive, from anauthentication server, a first security key based at least in part on anEMSK and a first set of parameters, as described above with reference toFIG. 5. The EMSK may be based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials and a second set of parameters. Theauthentication credentials may be exchanged between a UE and theauthentication server during an EAP procedure. In some examples, thefirst set of parameters may include an identifier of the cellularnetwork, at least one cellular network-specific parameter, at least oneparameter exchanged between the UE and the cellular network, or acombination thereof. In some examples, the second set of parameters mayinclude at least one identifier, at least one random number, at leastone network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combinationthereof. In some examples, the cellular network may include at least oneof a 5G network, a 4G network, a LTE network, a LTE-A network, a 3Gnetwork, or a combination thereof.

The UE authenticator 1140-a may be used to perform at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE based at least in part on the firstsecurity key, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. The networknode key deriver 1205 may be used to perform the at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE may include deriving a secondsecurity key for a network node of the cellular network. The secondsecurity key may be based at least in part on the first security key anda third set of parameters. In some examples, the third set of parametersmay include an identifier of the network node, at least one networknode-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between the UEand the network node, or a combination thereof.

The UE communication manager 1210 may be used to communicate with the UEvia the network node based at least in part on the second security key,as described above with reference to FIG. 5.

FIG. 13 shows a diagram 1300 of a network node 1105-a, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure. The network node 1105-amay be an example of aspects of the network nodes described withreference to FIGS. 2, 4, 5, and 11.

The network node 1105-a may include a communication manager 1305, memory1310, a processor 1320, and an authentication interface 1325. Each ofthese components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with oneanother (e.g., via one or more buses). The communication manager 1305may be an example of aspects of the communication managers describedwith reference to FIG. 11 or 12.

The memory 1310 may include RAM or ROM. The memory 1310 may storecomputer-readable, computer-executable software 1315 includinginstructions that, when executed, cause the processor 1320 to performvarious functions described herein, including functions related tonetwork security and authentication. In some cases, the software 1315may not be directly executable by the processor 1320 but may cause theprocessor 1320 (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functionsdescribed herein. The processor 1320 may include an intelligent hardwaredevice, (e.g., a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, etc.).

The authentication interface 1325 may communicate bi-directionally, viaone or more antennas or wired links, with one or more networks, networknodes, or UEs, as described herein. In some examples, the authenticationinterface 1325 may be used to establish a secure connection with anauthentication server (e.g., using a Radius or Diameter protocol) andfacilitate an EAP procedure performed by a UE and the authenticationserver.

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115or its components, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-8. In someexamples, the operations of method 1400 may be performed by the wirelesscommunication manager described with reference to FIGS. 6-8. In someexamples, a UE may execute a set of codes to control the functionalelements of the UE to perform the functions described below.Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functionsdescribed below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 1405, a UE may perform an EAP procedure with an authenticationserver via an authenticator, as described above with reference to FIG.5. The EAP procedure may be based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials exchanged between the UE and theauthentication server. In certain examples, the operations of block 1405may be performed using the EAP manager 635 described with reference toFIGS. 6 and 7.

At block 1410, the UE may derive, as part of performing the EAPprocedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters, as describedabove with reference to FIG. 5. In some examples, the first set ofparameters may include at least one identifier, at least one randomnumber, at least one network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or acombination thereof. In certain examples, the operations of block 1410may be performed using the EAP manager 635 described with reference toFIGS. 6 and 7.

At block 1415, the UE may determine a network type associated with theauthenticator, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In someexamples, the determined network type may include a cellular networktype or a non-cellular network type (e.g., a WLAN type). In certainexamples, the operations of block 1415 may be performed using thenetwork type identifier 640 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

At block 1420, the UE may perform, based at least in part on thedetermined network type, at least one authentication procedure with theauthenticator. The at least one authentication procedure may be based atleast in part on an association of the MSK or the EMSK with thedetermined network type, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. Incertain examples, the operations of block 1420 may be performed usingthe network authenticator 645 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1500 may be performed by a UE 115or its components, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-8. In someexamples, the operations of method 1500 may be performed by the wirelesscommunication manager described with reference to FIGS. 6-8. In someexamples, a UE may execute a set of codes to control the functionalelements of the UE to perform the functions described below.Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functionsdescribed below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 1505, a UE may perform an EAP procedure with an authenticationserver via an authenticator, as described above with reference to FIG.5. The EAP procedure may be based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials exchanged between the UE and theauthentication server. In certain examples, the operations of block 1505may be performed using the EAP manager 635 described with reference toFIGS. 6 and 7.

At block 1510, the UE may derive, as part of performing the EAPprocedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters, as describedabove with reference to FIG. 5. In some examples, the first set ofparameters may include at least one identifier, at least one randomnumber, at least one network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or acombination thereof. In certain examples, the operations of block 1510may be performed using the EAP manager 635 described with reference toFIGS. 6 and 7.

At block 1515, the UE may determine a network type associated with theauthenticator, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In someexamples, the determined network type may include a cellular networktype or a non-cellular network type (e.g., a WLAN type). In certainexamples, the operations of block 1515 may be performed using thenetwork type identifier 640 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

At block 1520, the method 1500 may branch to block 1525 or 1540,depending on whether the determined network type includes a cellularnetwork type or a non-cellular network type. When the determined networktype includes a cellular network type, the method 1500 may branch toblock 1525. When the determined network type includes a non-cellularnetwork type, the method 1500 may branch to block 1540. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1520 may be performed using thenetwork type identifier 640 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.In some examples, the cellular network may include at least one of a 5Gnetwork, a 4G network, a LTE network, a LTE-A network, a 3G network, ora combination thereof.

If the UE determines that the network type includes a cellular networktype, at blocks 1525 and 1530, the UE may perform, based at least inpart on the determined network type, at least one authenticationprocedure with the authenticator. The at least one authenticationprocedure may be based on an association of the MSK or the EMSK with thedetermined network type. At block 1525, the UE may derive a firstsecurity key for a cellular network, as described above with referenceto FIG. 5. The first security key may be based at least in part on theEMSK and a second set of parameters. In some examples, the second set ofparameters may include an identifier of the cellular network, at leastone cellular network-specific parameter, at least one parameterexchanged between the UE and the cellular network, or a combinationthereof. In certain examples, the operations of block 1525 may beperformed using the network authenticator 645 described with referenceto FIGS. 6 and 7, or the network key deriver 705 described withreference to FIG. 7.

At block 1530, the UE may derive a second security key for a networknode of the cellular network, as described above with reference to FIG.5. The second security key may be based at least in part on the firstsecurity key and a third set of parameters. In some examples, the thirdset of parameters may include an identifier of the network node, atleast one network node-specific parameter, at least one parameterexchanged between the UE and the network node, or a combination thereof.In certain examples, the operations of block 1530 may be performed usingthe network authenticator 645 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7,or the network node key deriver 710 described with reference to FIG. 7.

At block 1535, the UE may communicate with the cellular network via thenetwork node based at least in part on the second security key, asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 5. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1530 may be performed using the cellular networkcommunication manager 715 described with reference to FIG. 7.

If the UE determines that the network type includes a non-cellularnetwork type, at block 1540, the UE may derive a first security key fora non-cellular network. The first security key may be based at least inpart on the MSK and a fourth set of parameters. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1540 may be performed using the networkauthenticator 645 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, or thenetwork key deriver 705 described with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1600 may be performed by anauthentication server or its components, as described with reference toFIGS. 1-5, 9, and 10. In some examples, the operations of method 1600may be performed by the authentication manager described with referenceto FIGS. 9 and 10. In some examples, an authentication server mayexecute a set of codes to control the functional elements of theauthentication server to perform the functions described below.Additionally or alternatively, an authentication server may performaspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 1605, an authentication server may perform an EAP procedurewith a UE via an authenticator, as described above with reference toFIG. 5. The EAP procedure may be based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials exchanged between the authentication serverand the UE. In certain examples, the operations of block 1605 may beperformed using the EAP manager 935 described with reference to FIG. 9.

At block 1610, the authentication server may derive, as part ofperforming the EAP procedure, an MSK and an EMSK that are based at leastin part on the authentication credentials and a first set of parameters,as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In some examples, the firstset of parameters may include at least one identifier, at least onerandom number, at least one network parameter, at least one UEparameter, or a combination thereof. In certain examples, the operationsof block 1610 may be performed using the EAP manager 935 described withreference to FIG. 9.

At block 1615, the authentication server may determine a network typeassociated with the authenticator, as described above with reference toFIG. 5. In some examples, the determined network type may include acellular network type or a non-cellular network type (e.g., a WLANtype). In certain examples, the operations of block 1615 may beperformed using the network type identifier 940 described with referenceto FIG. 9.

At block 1620, the authentication server may derive a security key forthe determined network type based at least in part on an association ofthe MSK or the EMSK with the network type, and based at least in part ona second set of parameters, as described above with reference to FIG. 5.When the determined network type includes a cellular network type, andin some examples, the second set of parameters may include an identifierof a cellular network, at least one cellular network-specific parameter,at least one parameter exchanged between the authentication server andthe cellular network, or a combination thereof. In some examples, thecellular network may include at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network,a LTE network, a LTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof.In certain examples, the operations of block 1620 may be performed usingthe network key deriver 945 described with reference to FIG. 9.

At block 1625, the authentication server may transmit the security keyto the authenticator via a secure channel, as described above withreference to FIG. 5. In certain examples, the operations of block 1625may be performed using the network key installer 950 described withreference to FIG. 9.

FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1700 may be performed by a cellularnetwork or its components, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-5 and11-13. In some examples, the operations of method 1700 may be performedby the communication manager described with reference to FIGS. 11-13. Insome examples, a cellular network (or one or more nodes thereof) mayexecute a set of codes to control the functional elements of thecellular network to perform the functions described below. Additionallyor alternatively, a cellular network (or one or more nodes thereof) mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At block 1705, a cellular network may receive, from an authenticationserver, a first security key based at least in part on an EMSK and afirst set of parameters, as described above with reference to FIG. 5.The EMSK may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials and a second set of parameters. The authenticationcredentials may be exchanged between a UE and the authentication serverduring an EAP procedure. In some examples, the first set of parametersmay include an identifier of the cellular network, at least one cellularnetwork-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between theUE and the cellular network, or a combination thereof. In some examples,the second set of parameters may include at least one identifier, atleast one random number, at least one network parameter, at least one UEparameter, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the cellularnetwork may include at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network, a LTEnetwork, a LTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof. Incertain examples, the operations of block 1705 may be performed usingthe network key manager 1135 described with reference to FIG. 11.

At block 1710, the cellular network may perform at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE based at least in part on the firstsecurity key, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1710 may be performed using the UEauthenticator 1140 described with reference to FIG. 11.

FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. The operations of method 1800 may be performed by a cellularnetwork or its components, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-5 and11-13. In some examples, the operations of method 1800 may be performedby the communication manager described with reference to FIGS. 11-13. Insome examples, a cellular network (or one or more nodes thereof) mayexecute a set of codes to control the functional elements of thecellular network to perform the functions described below. Additionallyor alternatively, a cellular network (or one or more nodes thereof) mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At block 1805, a cellular network may receive, from an authenticationserver, a first security key based at least in part on an EMSK and afirst set of parameters, as described above with reference to FIG. 5.The EMSK may be based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials and a second set of parameters. The authenticationcredentials may be exchanged between a UE and the authentication serverduring an EAP procedure. In some examples, the first set of parametersmay include an identifier of the cellular network, at least one cellularnetwork-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between theUE and the cellular network, or a combination thereof. In some examples,the second set of parameters may include at least one identifier, atleast one random number, at least one network parameter, at least one UEparameter, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the cellularnetwork may include at least one of a 5G network, a 4G network, a LTEnetwork, a LTE-A network, a 3G network, or a combination thereof. Incertain examples, the operations of block 1805 may be performed usingthe network key manager 1135 described with reference to FIG. 11.

At block 1810, the cellular network may perform at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE based at least in part on the firstsecurity key. Performing the at least one authentication procedure withthe UE may include deriving a second security key for a network node ofthe cellular network, as described above with reference to FIG. 5. Thesecond security key may be based at least in part on the first securitykey and a third set of parameters. In some examples, the third set ofparameters may include an identifier of the network node, at least onenetwork node-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchangedbetween the UE and the network node, or a combination thereof. Incertain examples, the operations of block 1810 may be performed usingthe UE authenticator 1140 described with reference to FIG. 11, or thenetwork node key deriver 1205 described with reference to FIG. 12.

At block 1815, the cellular network may communicate with the UE via thenetwork node based at least in part on the second security key, asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 5. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1815 may be performed using the UE communicationmanager 1210 described with reference to FIG. 12.

It should be noted that the methods described above illustrate possibleimplementations of the techniques described in the present disclosure.In some examples, the operations of the methods may be performed indifferent orders or include different operations.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wirelesscommunication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, andother systems. The terms “system” and “network” are often usedinterchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such asCDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases 0 and Amay be referred to as CDMA2000 1×, 1×, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) may bereferred to as CDMA2000 1×EV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRAincludes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA systemmay implement a radio technology such as Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM). An OFDMA system may implement a radio technologysuch as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM™, etc. UTRA andE-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).3GPP LTE and LTE-A are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA,E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from anorganization named 3GPP. CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documentsfrom an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2”(3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems andradio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radiotechnologies, including cellular (e.g., LTE) communications over anunlicensed or shared bandwidth. The description above, however,describes an LTE/LTE-A system for purposes of example, and LTEterminology is used in much of the description above, although thetechniques are applicable beyond LTE/LTE-A applications.

The detailed description set forth above in connection with the appendeddrawings describes examples and does not represent all of the examplesthat may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. Theterms “example” and “exemplary,” when used in this description, mean“serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred”or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of thedescribed techniques. These techniques, however, may be practicedwithout these specific details. In some instances, well-known structuresand apparatuses are shown in block diagram form in order to avoidobscuring the concepts of the described examples.

Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety ofdifferent technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions,commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may bereferenced throughout the above description may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connectionwith the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with ageneral-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, anFPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processormay be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may beany conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or statemachine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination ofcomputing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor,multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunctionwith a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, softwareexecuted by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may bestored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are withinthe scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example,due to the nature of software, functions described above can beimplemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware,hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Components implementingfunctions may also be physically located at various positions, includingbeing distributed such that portions of functions are implemented atdifferent physical locations. As used herein, including in the claims,the term “or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that anyone of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination oftwo or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if acomposition is described as containing components A, B, or C, thecomposition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B incombination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B,and C in combination. Also, as used herein, including in the claims,“or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefacedby a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates adisjunctive list such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A,B, or C” means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B andC).

Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media andcommunication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of acomputer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be anyavailable medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation,computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory,CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carryor store desired program code means in the form of instructions or datastructures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose orspecial-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purposeprocessor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readablemedium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website,server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologiessuch as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc,optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray discwhere disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproducedata optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also includedwithin the scope of computer-readable media.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable aperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Variousmodifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may beapplied to other variations without departing from the scope of thedisclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not to be limited to the examplesand designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scopeconsistent with the principles and novel techniques disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for wireless communication at a userequipment (UE), comprising: performing an extensible authenticationprotocol (EAP) procedure with an authentication server via anauthenticator, the EAP procedure based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials exchanged between the UE and theauthentication server; deriving, as part of performing the EAPprocedure, a master session key (MSK) and an extended master session key(EMSK) that are based at least in part on the authentication credentialsand a first set of parameters, wherein the first set of parameterscomprises: at least one identifier, at least one random number, at leastone network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combinationthereof; determining a network type associated with the authenticator;and performing, based at least in part on the determined network type,at least one authentication procedure with the authenticator, the atleast one authentication procedure based on an association of the MSK orthe EMSK with the determined network type.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the determined network type comprises a cellular network typeand performing the at least one authentication procedure with theauthenticator comprises: deriving a first security key for a cellularnetwork, the first security key based at least in part on the EMSK and asecond set of parameters.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the secondset of parameters comprises: an identifier of the cellular network, atleast one cellular network-specific parameter, at least one parameterexchanged between the UE and the cellular network, or a combinationthereof.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein performing the at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator comprises: deriving asecond security key for a network node of the cellular network, thesecond security key based at least in part on the first security key anda third set of parameters; and communicating with the cellular networkvia the network node based at least in part on the second security key.5. The method of claim 4, wherein the third set of parameters comprises:an identifier of the network node, at least one network node-specificparameter, at least one parameter exchanged between the UE and thenetwork node, or a combination thereof.
 6. The method of claim 2,wherein the cellular network comprises at least one of: a fifthgeneration (5G) network, a fourth generation (4G) network, a Long TermEvolution (LTE) network, a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, a thirdgeneration (3G) network, or a combination thereof.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the determined network type is a non-cellular networktype and performing the at least one authentication procedure with theauthenticator comprises: deriving a first security key for anon-cellular network, the first security key based at least in part onthe MSK and a second set of parameters.
 8. An apparatus for wirelesscommunication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: means for performingan extensible authentication protocol (EAP) procedure with anauthentication server via an authenticator, the EAP procedure based atleast in part on a set of authentication credentials exchanged betweenthe UE and the authentication server; means for deriving, as part ofperforming the EAP procedure, a master session key (MSK) and an extendedmaster session key (EMSK) that are based at least in part on theauthentication credentials and a first set of parameters wherein thefirst set of parameters comprises: at least one identifier, at least onerandom number, at least one network parameter, at least one UEparameter, or a combination thereof; means for determining a networktype associated with the authenticator; and means for performing, basedat least in part on the determined network type, at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator, the at least oneauthentication procedure based on an association of the MSK or the EMSKwith the determined network type.
 9. An apparatus for wirelesscommunication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: a processor; andmemory in electronic communication with the processor; wherein theprocessor and the memory are configured to: perform an extensibleauthentication protocol (EAP) procedure with an authentication servervia an authenticator, the EAP procedure based at least in part on a setof authentication credentials exchanged between the UE and theauthentication server; derive, as part of performing the EAP procedure,a master session key (MSK) and an extended master session key (EMSK)that are based at least in part on the authentication credentials and afirst set of parameters, wherein the first set of parameters comprises:at least one identifier, at least one random number, at least onenetwork parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof;determine a network type associated with the authenticator; and perform,based at least in part on the determined network type, at least oneauthentication procedure with the authenticator, the at least oneauthentication procedure based on an association of the MSK or the EMSKwith the network type.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein thedetermined network type comprises a cellular network type and performingthe at least one authentication procedure with the authenticatorcomprises the processor and memory configured to: derive a firstsecurity key for a cellular network, the first security key based atleast in part on the EMSK and a second set of parameters.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 10, wherein the second set of parameters comprises:an identifier of the cellular network, at least one cellularnetwork-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between theUE and the cellular network, or a combination thereof.
 12. The apparatusof claim 10, wherein performing the at least one authenticationprocedure with the authenticator comprises the processor and memoryconfigured to: derive a second security key for a network node of thecellular network, the second security key based at least in part on thefirst security key and a third set of parameters; and communicate withthe cellular network via the network node based at least in part on thesecond security key.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the thirdset of parameters comprises: an identifier of the network node, at leastone network node-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchangedbetween the UE and the network node, or a combination thereof.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 10, wherein the cellular network comprises at leastone of: a fifth generation (5G) network, a fourth generation (4G)network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)network, a third generation (3G) network, or a combination thereof. 15.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the determined network type is anon-cellular network type and performing the at least one authenticationprocedure with the authenticator comprises: deriving a first securitykey for a non-cellular network, the first security key based at least inpart on the MSK and a second set of parameters.
 16. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer-executable code for wirelesscommunication at a user equipment (UE), the code executable by aprocessor to: perform an extensible authentication protocol (EAP)procedure with an authentication server via an authenticator, the EAPprocedure based at least in part on a set of authentication credentialsexchanged between the UE and the authentication server; derive, as partof performing the EAP procedure, a master session key (MSK) and anextended master session key (EMSK) that are based at least in part onthe authentication credentials and a first set of parameters, whereinthe first set of parameters comprises: at least one identifier, at leastone random number, at least one network parameter, at least one UEparameter, or a combination thereof; determine a network type associatedwith the authenticator; and perform, based at least in part on thedetermined network type, at least one authentication procedure with theauthenticator, the at least one authentication procedure based on anassociation of the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type. 17.A method for wireless communication at an authentication server,comprising: performing an extensible authentication protocol (EAP)procedure with a user equipment (UE) via an authenticator, the EAPprocedure based at least in part on a set of authentication credentialsexchanged between the authentication server and the UE; deriving, aspart of performing the EAP procedure, a master session key (MSK) and anextended master session key (EMSK) that are based at least in part onthe authentication credentials and a first set of parameters, whereinthe first set of parameters comprises: at least one identifier, at leastone random number, at least one network parameter, at least one UEparameter, or a combination thereof; determining a network typeassociated with the authenticator; deriving a security key for thedetermined network type based at least in part on an association of theMSK or the EMSK with the network type, and based at least in part on asecond set of parameters; and transmitting the security key to theauthenticator via a secure channel.
 18. The method of claim 17, whereinthe determined network type comprises a cellular network type and thesecond set of parameters comprises: an identifier of a cellular network,at least one cellular network-specific parameter, at least one parameterexchanged between the authentication server and the cellular network, ora combination thereof.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the cellularnetwork comprises at least one of: a fifth generation (5G) network, afourth generation (4G) network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, aLTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, a third generation (3G) network, or acombination thereof.
 20. An apparatus for wireless communication at anauthentication server, comprising: means for performing an extensibleauthentication protocol (EAP) procedure with a user equipment (UE) viaan authenticator, the EAP procedure based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials exchanged between the authentication serverand the UE; means for deriving, as part of performing the EAP procedure,a master session key (MSK) and an extended master session key (EMSK)that are based at least in part on the authentication credentials and afirst set of parameters, wherein the first set of parameters comprises:at least one identifier, at least one random number, at least onenetwork parameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof;means for determining a network type associated with the authenticator;means for deriving a security key for the determined network type basedat least in part on an association of the MSK or the EMSK with thedetermined network type, and based at least in part on a second set ofparameters; and means for transmitting the security key to theauthenticator via a secure channel.
 21. An apparatus for wirelesscommunication at an authentication server, comprising: a processor; andmemory in electronic communication with the processor; wherein theprocessor and the memory are configured to: perform an extensibleauthentication protocol (EAP) procedure with a user equipment (UE) viaan authenticator, the EAP procedure based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials exchanged between the authentication serverand the UE; derive, as part of performing the EAP procedure, a mastersession key (MSK) and an extended master session key (EMSK) that arebased at least in part on the authentication credentials and a first setof parameters, wherein the first set of parameters comprises: at leastone identifier, at least one random number, at least one networkparameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof;determine a network type associated with the authenticator; derive asecurity key for the determined network type based at least in part onan association of the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type,and based at least in part on a second set of parameters; and transmitthe security key to the authenticator via a secure channel.
 22. Theapparatus of claim 21, wherein the determined network type comprises acellular network type and the second set of parameters comprises: anidentifier of a cellular network, at least one cellular network-specificparameter, at least one parameter exchanged between the authenticationserver and the cellular network, or a combination thereof.
 23. Theapparatus of claim 22, wherein the cellular network comprises at leastone of: a fifth generation (5G) network, a fourth generation (4G)network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)network, a third generation (3G) network, or a combination thereof. 24.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executablecode for wireless communication at an authentication server, the codeexecutable by a processor to: perform an extensible authenticationprotocol (EAP) procedure with a user equipment (UE) via anauthenticator, the EAP procedure based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials exchanged between the authentication serverand the UE; derive, as part of performing the EAP procedure, a mastersession key (MSK) and an extended master session key (EMSK) that arebased at least in part on the authentication credentials and a first setof parameters, wherein the first set of parameters comprises: at leastone identifier, at least one random number, at least one networkparameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof;determine a network type associated with the authenticator; derive asecurity key for the determined network type based at least in part onan association of the MSK or the EMSK with the determined network type,and based at least in part on a second set of parameters; and transmitthe security key to the authenticator via a secure channel.
 25. A methodfor wireless communication at a cellular network, comprising: receiving,from an authentication server, a first security key based at least inpart on an extended master session key (EMSK) and a first set ofparameters, the EMSK based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials and a second set of parameters, the authenticationcredentials exchanged between a user equipment (UE) and theauthentication server during an extensible authentication protocol (EAP)procedure wherein the second set of parameters comprises: at least oneidentifier, at least one random number, at least one network parameter,at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof; and performing atleast one authentication procedure with the UE based at least in part onthe first security key.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein performingthe at least one authentication procedure with the UE comprises:deriving a second security key for a network node of the cellularnetwork, the second security key based at least in part on the firstsecurity key and a third set of parameters; and communicating with theUE via the network node based at least in part on the second securitykey.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the third set of parameterscomprises: an identifier of the network node, at least one networknode-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between the UEand the network node, or a combination thereof.
 28. The method of claim25, wherein the first set of parameters comprises: an identifier of thecellular network, at least one cellular network-specific parameter, atleast one parameter exchanged between the UE and the cellular network,or a combination thereof.
 29. The method of claim 25, wherein thecellular network comprises at least one of: a fifth generation (5G)network, a fourth generation (4G) network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE)network, a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, a third generation (3G)network, or a combination thereof.
 30. An apparatus for wirelesscommunication at a cellular network, comprising: means for receiving,from an authentication server, a first security key based at least inpart on an extended master session key (EMSK) and a first set ofparameters, the EMSK based at least in part on a set of authenticationcredentials and a second set of parameters, the authenticationcredentials exchanged between a user equipment (UE) and theauthentication server during an extensible authentication protocol (EAP)procedure, wherein the second set of parameters comprises: at least oneidentifier, at least one random number, at least one network parameter,at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof; and means forperforming at least one authentication procedure with the UE based atleast in part on the first security key.
 31. An apparatus for wirelesscommunication at a cellular network, comprising: a processor; and memoryin electronic communication with the processor; wherein the processorand the memory are configured to: receive, from an authenticationserver, a first security key based at least in part on an extendedmaster session key (EMSK) and a first set of parameters, the EMSK basedat least in part on a set of authentication credentials and a second setof parameters, the authentication credentials exchanged between a userequipment (UE) and the authentication server during an extensibleauthentication protocol (EAP) procedure, wherein the second set ofparameters comprises: at least one identifier, at least one randomnumber, at least one network parameter, at least one UE parameter, or acombination thereof; and perform at least one authentication procedurewith the UE based at least in part on the first security key.
 32. Theapparatus of claim 31, wherein performing the at least oneauthentication procedure with the UE comprises the processor and memoryconfigured to: derive a second security key for a network node of thecellular network, the second security key based at least in part on thefirst security key and a third set of parameters; and communicate withthe UE via the network node based at least in part on the secondsecurity key.
 33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the third set ofparameters comprises: an identifier of the network node, at least onenetwork node-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchangedbetween the UE and the network node, or a combination thereof.
 34. Theapparatus of claim 31, wherein the first set of parameters comprises: anidentifier of the cellular network, at least one cellularnetwork-specific parameter, at least one parameter exchanged between theUE and the cellular network, or a combination thereof.
 35. The apparatusof claim 31, wherein the cellular network comprises at least one of: afifth generation (5G) network, a fourth generation (4G) network, a LongTerm Evolution (LTE) network, a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, a thirdgeneration (3G) network, or a combination thereof.
 36. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer-executable code for wirelesscommunication at a cellular network, the code executable by a processorto: receive, from an authentication server, a first security key basedat least in part on an extended master session key (EMSK) and a firstset of parameters, the EMSK based at least in part on a set ofauthentication credentials and a second set of parameters, theauthentication credentials exchanged between a user equipment (UE) andthe authentication server during an extensible authentication protocol(EAP) procedure, wherein the second set of parameters comprises: atleast one identifier, at least one random number, at least one networkparameter, at least one UE parameter, or a combination thereof; andperform at least one authentication procedure with the UE based at leastin part on the first security key.